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Changes in the testicles are a sensitive topic for many men – but prevention is better than cure. The earlier testicular diseases are detected, the better they can be treated. In this article, we'll show you what to watch out for, how testicular self-examination works, and when you should definitely see a urologist.
Which Testicular Diseases Are Particularly Common?
There are several conditions that can affect the testicles or epididymis:
Testicular Cancer
- Usually occurs between the ages of 20–40, so at a younger age
- Painless lumps or hardened areas in the testicle
Testicular Torsion
- Sudden twisting of the testicle – a medical emergency!
- Severe pain and swelling
- The testicle loses its blood supply and can die
Epididymitis (Inflammation of the Epididymis)
- Often caused by bacterial infections
- Pain, redness, possibly fever
Undescended Testicle
- Congenital, but can also be noticed in adulthood
- Increased risk of cancer and infertility
Hydrocele (Fluid Accumulation)
- Fluid buildup in the scrotum
- Usually harmless, but should be diagnostically evaluated
What Are Typical Symptoms of Testicular Disease?
Symptoms vary depending on the condition. General warning signs include:
- Lumps or hardened areas in the testicle
- Sudden, severe testicular pain
- Swelling or redness
- A feeling of tension in the scrotum
- Fever or general malaise with inflammation
Caution: testicular cancer is usually painless – which is exactly why monthly self-examination is so important!
How Does Testicular Self-Examination Work?
Self-examination helps detect changes early and should be performed regularly starting in puberty:
How to Do It
- After showering, when the skin is soft and relaxed
- Feel each testicle individually between your thumb and fingers
- Watch for lumps, hardened areas, or changes in size
- Also feel the epididymis – soft, elongated, located behind the testicle
When Should I See a Urologist?
A prompt visit to the urologist is advisable with the following symptoms:
- Lumps or palpable changes
- Pain lasting longer than 1–2 days
- Acute swelling or redness
- Pulling sensation in the testicular area
- General feeling of illness or fever
Good to know: testicular conditions can usually be clarified quickly with ultrasound – painlessly and safely.
What Preventive Measures Are Available?
In addition to self-examination, there are other measures for early detection:
- Regular urological check-ups: especially from age 45
- Early screening with a family history: e.g., testicular cancer in the family
- Healthy lifestyle: can lower the risk of infections
- Avoiding heat exposure: e.g., hot baths, laptop on the lap
Early Detection Is Half the Cure
Testicular diseases are highly treatable – if detected in time. With monthly self-examination, an attentive eye on symptoms, and regular check-ups with a urologist, you can actively protect your health.
